A smart card is a card that is embedded with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip with non-programmable logic. The IC card can add, delete, and otherwise manipulate information on the card, while a memory-chip card (for example, pre-paid phone cards) can only undertake a pre-defined operation. Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can carry all necessary functions and information on the card. Therefore, they do not require access to remote databases.